Heating system.



J. M. W. KITCHEN.-

HBATING SYSTEM.

APPLICATION FILED mums,

Patented Apr. 30, 1912.

' Inventor: m,

UNITED. STAT ]11 FTENT OFFICE,

JQSEPH MOSES WARD KITCHEN, OF EAST ORANGE, NEW JERSEY.-

HEATING SYSTEM.

Specification of Letters Patent. i Patented Apr. 30, 1912.

Application filed March 13, 1907. Serial No. 362,162. a

1'0 all whom it may concern:

use in school houses, churches, theaters, of-

fice buildings and other structures in which many people congregate; butthe principles involved in the invention can be used in other buildingsalso.

Health and comfort, as well as economy, are essential qualities in agood heating system. In providing for these three requirements I, in myinvention, apply the following principles: (1) that a sufficient volumeof air for respiration should be 'intro-duced into the spaces heated;(2) that the air for respiration should besufficiently heated to avoidcold drafts in its intro-duction; (3) that the air should not be heatedto any higher degree than is necessary, as the respiration of moderatelycool air is healthful; that so far as possible, the air heated shouldnot be made the conveyor of the heat needed to counteract the externalradiationof heat from the building and from leakages of cold airinto-the building;

(5) that the provision for making good the;

heat lost from the building should be a separate provision from thatused for heating the air for respiration; (6) that the provisionreferred to for making good the losses from radiation should provide fora wide variation in the amount of heat brought to bear to counteractwide variations in exter nal atmospheric temperature; (7) that aregenerative use be made of the heat artificially created in thebuilding from the heating apparatus, and also from the chemicophysicalheat generated and given off from the human beings in the building, andthat the low degrees of heat conveyed in waste.

heating gases and the latent heat of steam used for motive or otherpurposes be econo-. mized; (8) that the heat be distributed in largevolumes of low temperatures in as diffused a manner as possible; and (9)that air once heated and breathed should not be twice used forrespiratory purposes.

To secure the application of the principles. above enumerated, I providein my invention as follows: (A) a steam generator havingspecial'structure for absorbing low degrees of heat from the heatinggases into specially cooled feed Water, for securing a perfectedcombustion',.for utilizing low cost fuel, and for securing an equalizedrate of combustion; (B) a steam radiating system the piping of which isdistributed to parts. from which much heat is radiated such as .sidewalls, around windows, across the ceilings below sky-lights; and inparticular, beneath floors for the purpose of heating the floorsuniformly and to secure a large aggregate radiation'of the heat radiatedfrom the floor surfaces into a diffused large volume .of air. Thisradiating system of piping is divided into sections, to"- each sectionof which the entrance of'steain is controlled by a valve pertaining tothespecial section controlled. With this provision, any amount of directheat radiation can be effected at any desirable location in the system;(C) an air distributing system composed of a motoract-uated fan and airdistributing fiues or conduits running to each floor of the building andcarried beneath each floor dividing into many sub branches which findexit through the floors by numerous register outlets equably distributedover the floor surface; thus securing equal purity of air for alloccupants; (D) provision is made for heating the air for respirationwith the waste heat of the gases of combustion that leave the generator,with the heat of the water of condensation from the steam pipes of thesystem, with the effete respired air in the building, and if necessary,with live steam directly supplied from the steam generator; (E)provision is made for partially heating the floors with the efieterespired air of each apartment or room below the floor heated. Thisprovision is carried out by having the flooring material of goodheat-conducting qualities, and by collecting theefli'ete heated air inthe higher levels of the room occupied, where it stays under the itsheat is conveyed to the floor above it, or

I until it is drawn out through special ave;

nues, which I usually provide in the side walls of the apartment or roomheated at a level several feet above the heads of such people as may bestanding. In this way I secure a proper supply of fresh air of the righttemperature; and do not have any air reinspired which has once beenrespired; (I the means I use for heating the newly in trodured air isusually vertically disposed air tubes passing through a sectionaleconomixer through which tubes the air for respiration is drawn from alow level to a high level I a mechanically actuated fan, which alsoforces the air to the several occupied spaces of the building. The airis progressively heated in its upward travel,. first through efi'etewarm air, then through strata of Water of condensation, then throughstrata of Waste gases of combustion, and also through strata of livesteam if any additional heating of the air is needed. In a convenientpart of the conduit for the newly warmd fresh air, I provide a device Ffor diluting the warmed air with cold fresh air, for the purpose ofregulating accurately the temperature of the air. The deviceF is thedamper controlled outlet of a conduit which connects with the main airconduit F. I also introduce in the system means for measuring the amountof air introduced into the building; (G) I provide a conduit forconveying some of the warmed fresh air to the steam generator for airfor combustion. (H) I also use a fan for inducing a draft through thepassages of the steam generator and the passages of the air-heatingeconomizer, each section of which is controlled by a proper valve ordamper; (I) in those rooms which are occupied I introduce for aestheticeffect a false or secondary ceiling, which is -n1ade of thin metallicsheets attached to a framework dependent from the beams of the floorabove. This secondary ceiling hides the lines of steam pipes and airconduits which are hung from the beams. It allows for some of the heatofthe elfete air being conveyed through the thin metallic ceiling to theunder side of the flooring above it.

In the drawings Figure 1, represents an elevational view of my heatingsystem as installed in the basement and two floors of a building; someof the parts being in section. Fig. 2, shows an elevational view partlyin section of a register, catch basin and air outlet.

The reference characters represent as follows:-.\, air passages forconveying fresh warmed air. A, a fan for forcing air throughout thebuilding. A an air meter. A a damper for controlling the supply ot airfor romluistion, introduced above the fuel mass. A*. a damper forcontrolling the. under grate air supply. A, a duct tor warmed air forcombustion;

B, represents a boiler or steam generator. W. a Section of the boilerll.

l3". represents steam conducting pipes. B. feed water pipes.

15. is a steam dome. C, a combustion chamber. D,t'oulairducts.Dfientrancesto the ducts I). E, an air heating economizer.

E is a section of theeconomizer E, for cconomizing the heat of therespired air ot the spaces occupied in the building.

E is a section for economizing the heat of water of condensation.

E is a section for economizing the waste heat of gases of combustion.

F,'is an air tlue for introducing cool air into the system.

F is an air injecting device for cool air.

G, is a catch basin. 4

H, is'a return pipe for water of condensation. i

I, are air-heating tubes.

J, is a suspended ceiling.

K, is a suspension frame.

L, is a register outlet.

M, is a. steam main or conduit.

M is a secondary steam conduit.

M is a sectional-steam conduit.

M is another sectional steam conduit.

M, is a pipe for conveying live steam.

R, is a. register face.

S, is a smoke conduit.

S, is an exit conduit.

S is an induction fan.

5 is a waste gas exit-flue.

"W, is a feed water pipe for the boiler B.

The steam generator B has a furnace provided with a high-run combustionchamber G and is arranged for supplying warmed air for combustion bothabove and below the fuel mass.

In this type of furnace a complete combustion can be effected, and lowpriced bituminous fuel can be used. By having th e heat transmittingparts of the generator in sections as shown, and by introducing coolfeed water at a low level of all of the sections, and conveying the feedwater from below upward through the sections, and carrying out from eachsection at a high level. the steam formed in each section, and havingthe gases travel progressively away from the combustion chamber and thentake a downward plunge to a low level gas exit in the section mostremote from the furnace, a progressive and almost complete absorption ofthe heatgeneratcd in the generator is secured.

The steam generated in each of the sections B is conveyed through thesteam pipe B into the steam-d une B.

The gases ot combustion after passing through the sections B pass intothe smoke conduit 8 which is connected with the boiler In thc stcamdistributing system the piping is divided in sections each of whichsections is controlled by a valve, so that one or more of the sectionscan be brought into use at the same time, or excluded as radiatingsurface. Under the several floors each section of piping is run so thatthere is a substantially uniform distribution of the radiated heat undereach floor; the total amount of heat radiated being governed by bringingone or more sections into action. In ordinary practice it is desirableto have at least three sections of piping in the system. Those surfacesof the building which are exposed to special degrees of radiation arealso supplied with direct steam radiating sections individuallycontrolled by suitable valves.

The water of condensation from the entire system of radiating pipes isconveyed to the economizer section E through the pipe H.

The water of condensation is kept at a uniform level in the economizersection E by carrying the water pipe W upward to the water levelmaintained, and thence by a bend and return in the pipe l/V is connectedat a low level with the various sections of the boiler B. In this waythe hot water of condensation is-cooled in the economizer section E asfresh air for respiration travels upward through the water in the airheating pipes I. The water of condensation is progressively cooled bythe air and is then passed into the lower parts of the boiler sections Bthrough the pipes B thus providing feed water in the boiler sectionshaving a sufficiently low temperature to absorb much heat from theheating gases that .would be otherwise lost if the water of condensationwas returned directly to the boiler without cooling. I

Fresh air for respiration and adjunct heating is conveyed from the airflue F up through all of the economizing sections E E and E beingprogressively heated in its travel from below upward, and is then forcedto all parts of the building through the air ducts A by the fan A Theheated air may be diluted by admixture with cold air at the injectingdevice F The amount of air delivered into the building is measured bythe meter A The air conduits A sub-divide and ter1ni nate in numerousregisteizoutlets distributed at regular intervals in the several floors.

The register face R is movable and the catch basins G- can be emptied atwill. The catch basins are made fluid tight to hold\ ant iscpticsolutions.

Attention is now drawn to the construction of the floors in this system.The flooring surface is composed of a material which a good conductor ofheat and which will allow of heat being conducted through the flooringsurface from the. piping M, which is hung under the flooring from theflooring beams. I prefer that the face of the floor should be made ofhard baked tiles resting on a cribiform metallic structure runningbetween and supported by the flooring beams. The tiles are cementedtogether with an elastic cement. In certain places, as in aisles betweenseats, the hard baked tiles maybe replaced by a non-resonant compositiontile to reduce the noise produced in walking over the floor. I preferthat the flooring surface should be of a. nature to be non-absorbent ofwater so that its cleansing can be done with a mop dampened with anantiseptic fluid. A flooring surface of ordinary concrete may be used.To hide the piping which is hung from the flooring beams, I construct afalse ceiling J attached to a sectional framework K. This framework ismade in open panels, and these panels are closed in with thin heatconducting metallic plates which are attached to the framework in suchamanner as to be removable to gain access to any part of the piping forrepairs.

The heated air of respiration and of radiated heat rises to the ceilingJ and is retained there under the force of gravity, being graduallydrawn to the periphery of the room through the apertures D Some of theheat being conveyed through the metallic ceiling J helps to heat theflooring above the piping and also helps to heat the air being passedthrough the air conduits A under the floors.

S is a large induction fan which draws eifete air through the openings Dand conduits D into the upper part of the economizer section E downthrough that section and out through the opening at its lowest level andinto and through the conduit S to the fan S, from whence the effete airis forced into the external atmosphere through the exit tiue S The fanSalso induces a draft through the steam generator B and the smoke pipe Swhich connects with the upper part of the economiz'er section E throughwhich section the, waste gases of combustion are drawn downwardly andout through the exit openings at a low level of the section and thenceto the fan S from whichthe waste gases are also forced outthrough theexit-flue S The fans A and S are actuated by motors, which are preferalsections of the economizer E is not sufficiently heated by the heatwastes of the building, live steam can be introduccd'into the upper partof the section E through the steam pipe M. v I

-The system of heating here shown provides for the heating of a buildingwith a large reduction in fuel cost, as much of the heat generated inthe building is used regeneratively for heating freshly introduced airfor respiration and as an adjunct source of heating. A prominent featureof the system is the provision for applying much of the heatneeded atthe feet of the occupants of the spaces heated and for providing arelatively cool air for respiration at the level of the head, and forpreventing the breathing of air again which has been once respired.

The arrows in the drawings indicate the routes of travel of the ingoingfresh air, and the outgoing efiete air.

What I claim as new and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is

1. In a heating system, the combination of (l) a steam generator and asystem of steam radiating pipes, (2) a heat economizing feed watercooler and air heater, said economizing cooler and heater beingconstructed to receive steam and water of condensation from said systemat high levels in said cconomizer and for the heating of airprogressively by the passing of air from a low level to a high'level insaid economizer, first through said water of condensation and thenthrough said steam, (3) means for maintaining the water of condensationat a selected high level in said economizer, (4) means for drawingupwardly said air through said economizer and for its heating by passingsaid air first through said water of condensation, and then through saidsteam, and means for conveying said water of condensation after itscooling to the steam generator, said combination being for theeconomization of low degrees of heat the cooling of feed water to apoint that will allow of a larger degree of heat being absorbed in saidgenerator and for giving variation and increase of heat to the airpro-heated in the cooling of said water of condensation.

2. In a heating system, the combination of (1) means forv economizingboth the waste heat of combustion and of etl ete respired and heatedair, a motor-actuated mechanism for drawing through said means foreconomizing the heat of the mediums carrying said waste heatofcombustion. and etl'ete air, and also (3) a motor-actuated mechanism fordrawing fresh unrespired air through said means for economizing, saidmeans for economizing being constructed to transfer said wasteheat tosaid fresh air withoutcontamination of said an; in the travel of saidair through said economizing means.

3. In a heating system, the combination of means for heating'fresh airfor respiration and for heating with etiete air of respiration and ofheat radiated in the space heated by said system, without contaminatingsaid fresh air with said e'tlete air, said means comprising aneconomizer arranged to pass fresh air in vertically rising currentsthrough tubes in said economizer and for drawing the etfete heated airdownward through said economizer in counter-current to the travel of thefresh air, and having eitete air conduits for drawing air fromrelatively high levels in the occupied spaces heated, downward to andthrough said economizer and finally through an exhaust conduit to theouter air through the action of a ventilating fan, and comprising alsoanother ventilating fan and fresh air conduits for drawing the fresh airthrough said economizer and distributing said air.

equably into the habit-ed spaces heated, the fresh air entering suchspaces at low levels therein t. In a heating system, of (1) means forgenerating steam, means for distributing the heat of said steam, and (3)means for economizing the waste heat of gases of combustion, water ofcondensation and of etlete airof respiration, said economizing meanscomprising an induction fan, means for controlling the flow of wasteheat bearing mediums through sections of said economizing means, and forthe combination heating fresh air for respiratory and heating purposes.

: 5. In a heat economizing system, the com bination of (1) a steamgenerator, (2) means comprising a system of steam pipes for radiatingthe steam generated in said generator, (3) means provided with a cavityfor collecting and holding respired eiiete heated air, (at) means forconveying said etfete heated air from said cavity to a means forutilizing the heat'of said'et'fete heated air, and (5) means forutilizing the heat in said efi'ete heated air, said combination beingfor the regenerative use of heat in the heating ot air for such purposesas for combustion or for respiration, and for thus economizing heat thatis usually wasted in heating processes.

6. In a heating system, the combination of (1) a steam generator, (2) aradiating system for radiating the heat generated in said generator andheating air for respiration, said system comprising piping in sections,each section being controlled separately by a valve, and (3) meanscomprising a fresh air heater and eti'ete air cooler, and

.a mechanically actuated ventilating fan for tion, and (2) a mechanicalexhauster and blower for drawing the fresh air through the heatinterchanger and forcingtheheated fresh air into desired parts of thebuilding.

8. In a heating system, the combination with a habitable structure of(1) means for radiating heat directly in the habitable spaces of saidbuilding, (2) means for heating fresh air and conveying said air intothe habitable spaces of said building, and (3) vmeans for economizingregeneratively substantially all the waste heat of the air that has beenrespired in said building and of air that has been once heated in saidbuilding, said lastnamed means comprising provision for the absorptioninto fresh air conveyed into said building for respiration or combustionof the heat of air that has been respired and heated in said building,said transferrence of heat from said etfete air to said fresh air beingperformed without contamination of said fresh air with said effete air.

9. In a heating system, the combination of 1) a floor having a surfaceof heat convective mineral composition for the quick convection of heatthrough said surface, (2-) means comprising piping for circulating aheat bearing medium for distributing and radiating heat in a diffusedmanner close to and under said floor, air conduits for the conveyanceand equable distribution of air under said floor, secondary air conduitsconnected With said conduits, opening through the surface of said floorand distributed equably over the area of said floor for the equableconveyance of air through said apertures and the equable diffusion offresh air above said floor, (5) catch basins for said air apertures forboldingran antiseptic fluid and catching and holding in said fluid dirtand dust dropping through said apertures, and (6) a sectional metallicceiling suspended below said means for distributing and radiating heatand said air conduits for vhiding said radiating and distributing meansfrom view.

10. In a heating system, the combination with a habitable building of(1) a floor, said floor having a surface of good heat convectivematerial, (2) conduits suspended below said floor and near to said floorfor conveying a heat conveying medium, said floor being provided withopenings for pasisng air through said floor, said openings being equablydistributed over the area of said floor, (3) a ceiling suspended belowsaid floor and said conduits for closing in and. concealing saidconduits, said ceiling being in movable sections, (4) an apartment belowsaid suspended ceiling, said apartment comprising peripheral walls, (5)means near to said walls for heating the apartment at points where theperipheral walls radiate much heat to the outer atmosphere, said lastnamed means comprising sectional radiating surfaces and means forseparately controlling each section of said radiating surfaces, (6) airconveying conduits in said walls for ventilating said apartment, and(7-) apertures for air connecting the conduits in said walls with saidapartment, said apertures being located at a level above the altitude ofthe persons occupying said apartment, but at a sufficiently low levelbelow said ceiling to allow for the collection and retention of warm airagainst said suspended ceiling, said suspended ceiling comprising meansfor transmitting heat through said suspended ceiling.

11. In a heating system, the combination of a floor having good heatconvective qualities, said floor having air ducts therethrough, (2) asystem of heat radiating piping suspended below said floor fordiffusedly heating said floor, (3) a boiler for generating the heatdistributed through said piping, (4) a sectional ceiling suspended belowsaid piping, (5) an apartment above said convective floor, saidapartment having air conduits in its peripheral walls and secondary airconduits connecting the first economizing heat interchanger for heatingcool fresh air with the efiete respired air,, waste heat of exhaustgases from said boiler, and low degrees of heat of the heating mediumthat has circulated through said piping, said heat interchangerprogressively heating the cool air in an upward travel of the cool airthrough the heat interchanger, (7 a mechanically actuated fan forsecuring a flow of the air through the heat interchanger, said airconduits in said floor, said apartment and said conduits in the walls ofthe apartment, (8) a ventilating fan for drawing the efi'ete respiredair from the apartment and for forcing the efi'ete air through the heatinterchanger in countercurrent travel to the flow of the fresh cool airand for forcing the effete air into the outer atmosphere, (9) means fordiluting with fresh cool air other air heated in said heat interchanger,and (10) means for forcing the heated air from the heat interchanger tosaid boiler for purposes of combustion.

12. In a heating system, the combination with a habitable structure of(1) means for heating air and for distributing said air in saidhabitable structure for purposes of respiration and heating, saidhabitable structure comprising at a high level of said structure "meansforming a concavity for intercepting and holding the warmed air that hasbeen introduced in said structure, and (2) means for utilizing the heatof said air regcneratively by heating fresh cool air and for using saidlast named air after its heating for purposes of combustion, said lastnamed means comprising means for the mechanical induction of air fromsaid concavity and for forcing said warm air to a place of combustion. 1

13. In a heating system, the combination of (l) asteam generator, a heatinterchanger for heating air with the steam generated in said generator,said heat interchanger being constructed and arranged to heat said airin a vertical counter-current travel of said air and said steam throughsaid heat interchanger, said steam being in t-roduced at substantiallythe highest level of said heat interchanger and all of said air beingintroduced at substantially the lowest level of said heat interchanger,the air being heated progressively in its upward travel, and the heat ofthe steam being progressively lost to said air in the downward travel ofsaid steam, and (3) means for utilizing the air thus heated.

14. In a heating system, the combination with a building to be heated of(l) a sectional water heating boiler, said boiler being so constructedand arranged as to se cure a progressive travel of heated gasessuccessively through the water holding sections of said boiler and atravel of water to be heated through said sections, the gases and watertraveling in counter-current, the one to the other, (2) a heating systemcomprising heat radiating piping in multiple sections, each sectionbeing under control as to the heating medium passing through eachsection, some of said sections being suspended under the floors of saidbuilding for heating said floors, said system of piping returning theheating medium circulating through said piping to an economizer, (3)said economizer being constructed and arranged to heat air forrespiration or com bustion with the low degrees of heat in said heatingmedium after the circulation of said medium through said piping, andalso with the heat of warm respired air, (4:) a mechanically drivenmeans for conveying fresh air through said economizer and for forcingsaid fresh air through said building, and (5) a mechanically drivenmeans for withdrawing etfete respired air from said building throughsaid GCOHOHHZGI and forcing said air to the outside of said building.

15. In a heating system, the combination with a boiler, a system of heatdistributing piping, a system of air introducing and air exhaust-ingconduits, a fresh air exhausting and blowing fan, and an effete airexhausting and blowing fan, of an air heating econoinizer, saideconomizer comprising means for the primary heating of fresh air forrespiration with Water that has lost heat in passing through said pipingand said economizer, said economizer comprising means for thehigherheating of the air for respiration by a higher degree of heat ofthe heating medium that has been heated in said boiler, said economizercomprising means for the further heating of said air with the heat ofthe gases that have passed through said boiler,

Signed at New York, N. Y., this 11th day of March, 1907.

JOSEPH MOSES WARD KITCHEN. Witnesses Geo. L. Nnnnnocn, OLivn B. KING.

